What is a flow sensor?
A flow sensor (often known as a “flow meter“) is an digital device part used to measure or regulate the flow price of gases and liquids in pipes and ducts. Flow sensors are usually connected to meters for measurement, however they can also be related to computer systems and digital interfaces. They are commonly used in HVAC methods, medical equipment, chemical crops and water therapy techniques. Flow sensors can detect leaks, blockages, pipe bursts, and modifications in fluid concentration as a end result of contamination or pollution.
Types of circulate sensors
Differential pressure flow sensor
The velocity of a fluid is directly associated to the pressure of the fluid, as proven in Bernoulli’s equation.
dp=(density*velocity^2)/2
A differential stress move sensor calculates the stress of a fluid. The sensor measures the pressure at two totally different velocities, whereas sustaining the fluid density. In most differential stress circulate sensors, a single stress sensing node (such as a Pitot tube) is situated at the fringe of the fluid circulate path. A change in nozzle or orifice diameter accelerates the fluid and measures it once more at the next velocity. Once the sensor has determined the stress difference, we will use Bernoulli’s equation to search out the fluid velocity. Finally, we will use that fluid velocity to discover out the entire circulate fee by way of the pipe.
This course of requires controlling a quantity of variables to precisely calculate the velocity of the fluid. Therefore, differential pressure based mostly circulate sensors are normally components that “interrupt” the pipeline quite than adapt to the prevailing pipeline. Several different varieties of sensors use differential pressure methods, corresponding to
Venturi tube
Rotor move meters
Orifice plates
Pitot tube arrays
All of those sensors are available with varying levels of accuracy and system strain loss. Due to their performance and versatility, differential strain flow sensors are the preferred kind of move sensor.
Thermal mass move sensors
Typically utilized in gaseous, low-flow, high-precision applications, similar to semiconductor manufacturing, thermal mass flow sensors use the thermal properties of a fluid to measure the circulate through a system. Thermal mass circulate techniques have one of two basic configurations, but each rely on the tendency of the fluid to soak up thermal vitality and measure the energy within the fluid. The following is a quick information to those two configurations.
Method 1: The heating factor and the heat sensing factor work collectively to measure the energy absorbed by the fluid because it flows through the heating component and the warmth sensor. First, the fluid absorbs energy from the heating element. Next, the sensor measures the fluid to determine how much vitality it has absorbed.
Method 2: A single heating factor works to keep the temperature at a exhausting and fast level. As the fluid absorbs energy, it cools the heating factor, which requires more energy within the system to maintain up the temperature. We calculate the mass flow price by figuring out the quantity of energy utilized by the heating component to keep up itself at a continuing temperature.
In both strategies, the velocity of the fluid is instantly related to how much energy it can take in. The slower the fluid flows, the longer it takes for vitality to be transferred from the heating element to the fluid. The faster it flows, the much less time it takes to be absorbed by the fluid. A key part of thermal mass flow sensors is that they should be calibrated for the precise fluid in the thermal mass flow system. Thermal mass flow sensors are fine-tuned to help totally different levels of gas purity, such as pharmaceutical grade nitrogen versus industrial manufacturing grade nitrogen. When properly calibrated, these sensors may be extraordinarily correct and dependable, which is why they’re so well-liked in manufacturing environments.
Contact flow sensors
Eddy present sensors and mechanical circulate sensors are the widespread contact circulate sensors are. An eddy current sensor consists of a small latch (called a “buffer”) that bends forwards and backwards when involved with a flowing liquid or gas. The pressure distinction (i.e., eddy current) created by the latch is measured to determine the circulate price. Mechanical circulate sensors use a propeller that rotates at a pace proportional to the circulate fee. Mechanical circulate sensors can additionally be controlled to increase or lower the move fee.
pressure gauge น้ำ -contact circulate sensors
Ultrasonic circulate sensors are the most popular non-contact circulate sensors. Ultrasonic move sensors send high frequency sound pulses through a flowing liquid or gaseous medium. These sensors measure the time between the sound emission and its contact with the sensor receiver to find out the circulate fee of the fuel or liquid.
Flow sensor functions
There are a selection of flow sensors available to meet niche needs and applications. The commonest parameters that have an result on the sort of move sensor you need are
Volume vary of the move sensor
Material
Pressure
Required accuracy
Flow sensors are the proper software that can help you understand and management the mechanical or chemical subsystems in your utility. Contact Apure to learn more about technology and product purposes.
Extended studying:
Useful details about flow models
Relation between circulate and strain
Ultrasonic move meter working principle
Select the proper water circulate meter
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What is a move sensor?
A flow sensor (often called a “flow meter“) is an digital gadget component used to measure or regulate the move fee of gases and liquids in pipes and ducts. Flow sensors are sometimes related to meters for measurement, but they may also be connected to computer systems and digital interfaces. They are commonly used in HVAC techniques, medical tools, chemical crops and water treatment techniques. Flow sensors can detect leaks, blockages, pipe bursts, and modifications in fluid concentration due to contamination or pollution.
Types of circulate sensors
Differential strain move sensor
The velocity of a fluid is immediately associated to the strain of the fluid, as shown in Bernoulli’s equation.
dp=(density*velocity^2)/2
A differential strain flow sensor calculates the stress of a fluid. The sensor measures the stress at two different velocities, while maintaining the fluid density. In most differential pressure circulate sensors, a single pressure sensing node (such as a Pitot tube) is located on the fringe of the fluid circulate path. A change in nozzle or orifice diameter accelerates the fluid and measures it once more at a higher velocity. Once the sensor has decided the pressure difference, we can use Bernoulli’s equation to search out the fluid velocity. Finally, we are ready to use that fluid velocity to discover out the total circulate price through the pipe.
This course of requires controlling several variables to accurately calculate the speed of the fluid. Therefore, differential pressure primarily based move sensors are often parts that “interrupt” the pipeline quite than adapt to the present pipeline. Several various sorts of sensors use differential strain strategies, such as
Venturi tube
Rotor flow meters
Orifice plates
Pitot tube arrays
All of these sensors can be found with varying degrees of accuracy and system strain loss. Due to their performance and versatility, differential pressure circulate sensors are the most well-liked kind of move sensor.
Thermal mass flow sensors
Typically utilized in gaseous, low-flow, high-precision functions, such as semiconductor manufacturing, thermal mass circulate sensors use the thermal properties of a fluid to measure the flow by way of a system. Thermal mass flow techniques have certainly one of two primary configurations, but both depend on the tendency of the fluid to absorb thermal energy and measure the vitality in the fluid. The following is a brief information to these two configurations.
Method 1: The heating element and the warmth sensing element work together to measure the power absorbed by the fluid as it flows through the heating factor and the heat sensor. First, the fluid absorbs energy from the heating factor. Next, the sensor measures the fluid to determine how a lot vitality it has absorbed.
Method 2: A single heating factor works to keep the temperature at a set level. As the fluid absorbs power, it cools the heating element, which requires more energy in the system to maintain the temperature. We calculate the mass move rate by figuring out the amount of power utilized by the heating factor to take care of itself at a constant temperature.
In each methods, the velocity of the fluid is immediately related to how a lot vitality it could possibly absorb. The slower the fluid flows, the longer it takes for power to be transferred from the heating factor to the fluid. The quicker it flows, the less time it takes to be absorbed by the fluid. A key element of thermal mass circulate sensors is that they have to be calibrated for the precise fluid within the thermal mass flow system. Thermal mass flow sensors are fine-tuned to support completely different levels of gasoline purity, similar to pharmaceutical grade nitrogen versus industrial manufacturing grade nitrogen. When properly calibrated, these sensors could be extraordinarily correct and dependable, which is why they are so well-liked in manufacturing environments.
Contact circulate sensors
Eddy current sensors and mechanical circulate sensors are the widespread contact flow sensors are. An eddy current sensor consists of a small latch (called a “buffer”) that bends forwards and backwards when involved with a flowing liquid or fuel. The pressure distinction (i.e., eddy current) created by the latch is measured to determine the move price. Mechanical circulate sensors use a propeller that rotates at a velocity proportional to the circulate price. Mechanical circulate sensors may also be managed to extend or lower the flow fee.
Non-contact move sensors
Ultrasonic flow sensors are the most popular non-contact circulate sensors. Ultrasonic flow sensors ship excessive frequency sound pulses by way of a flowing liquid or gaseous medium. These sensors measure the time between the sound emission and its contact with the sensor receiver to determine the move fee of the gas or liquid.
Flow sensor functions
There are a big selection of flow sensors available to satisfy niche needs and applications. The most typical parameters that have an effect on the kind of move sensor you need are
Volume range of the move sensor
Material
Pressure
Required accuracy
Flow sensors are the perfect device to assist you understand and management the mechanical or chemical subsystems in your utility. Contact Apure to study more about technology and product functions.
Extended studying:
Useful information about move units
Relation between flow and pressure
Ultrasonic circulate meter working precept
Select the proper water circulate meter